Tuesday, April 1, 2014

10 new books for the military mindset


Spring reading on your agenda? Here’s Military Times’ guide to some nonfiction (and a book of short stories) that takes you from Afghanistan, Iraq and Vietnam to Georgia, Nevada and beyond — with stops in Annapolis and at West Point.


Redeployment by Phil Klay, Penguin Press, 292 pages, $26.95


Don’t let the image of a soldier on the front of the book jacket mislead you. The writer was a Marine public affairs officer in Iraq, and 10 of these dozen short stories are about Marines.


The title story comes first. It was in last year’s “Fire and Forget,” the outstanding fiction collection by former service members and a spouse. The first six words do the job of 60:


“We shot dogs. Not by accident.”


None of Klay’s words is accidental, and his ear for grunt vernacular can make his sentences seem unstudied. The dialogue evokes character and conveys exposition whether the theme is horror or humor. On the latter side, a Marine is “dumber than Fabio on two bottles of NyQuil.”


“In Vietnam They Had Whores” puts two wars and two generations into perspective. In “Prayer in the Furnace,” a chaplain’s sense of inadequacy — “that I’m worthless is well established” — personifies organized religion and organized responses.


A Coptic Christian student veteran in “Psychological Operations” is enamored of a Muslim woman “who saw through me,” and their relationship feels like unflinching, manipulative therapy. “War Stories” is about a potential play and has the drama of one: “Jenks shrugs and makes a face. Hard to tell what it means. There’s so much scar tissue and wrinkled skin, I never know if he’s happy or sad or pissed or what.”


Klay’s writing, always faithful, elicits comparison to last year’s esteemed first novels by soldiers David Abrams (the satirical “FOBBIT”) and Kevin Powers (the soaring, searing “The Yellow Birds”). However, “Deployment” is the feat of Klay.


Defiant: The POWs Who Endured Vietnam’s Most Infamous Prison, the Women Who Fought for Them, and the One Who Never Returned by Alvin Townley, St. Martin’s Press, 432 pages, $27.99


The title tells all, and everybody knows how the story ends. Yet “Defiant” is a page-turner.


Why? There is gruesome detail that makes a reader grimace, appropriate credit for government-muted wives, never-ending examples of incredible stamina, and reminders that cruelty, including “the centuries-old torture technique known as strapado,” is not a conduit to information.


Strapado? “Harry [Jenkins] felt as if his sternum would snap, his pectorals would tear away from his ribcage, and his shoulders would pop from their sockets.”


“Defiant” focuses on the prisoners — “war criminals” to the Vietnamese — who were upgraded from bad (Hanoi Hilton) to worse (Alcatraz). “No one group endured any more than the 11 brothers,” Townley writes, and he proves his point. “We should not forget,” and you won’t.


Plenty of Time When We Get Home: Love and Recovery in the Aftermath of War by Kayla Williams, W.W. Norton, 256 pages, $25.95


Spc. Kayla Williams and Sgt. Brian McGough meet in Iraq in 2003 and fall in love but not into bed. “This isn’t the place for it,” Brian says, “and there’s plenty of time when we get home.”


Only there isn’t enough time. Williams, who wrote “Love My Rifle More Than You” (2006) with Michael E. Staub, describes her marriage made in heaven that becomes her marriage made in hell because of the shrapnel “tearing through [Brian’s] scalp and skull.”


KW + BM + PTS + TBI = SNAFU. The couple struggles to learn that “we hadn’t just ‘slipped through the cracks,’ we had fallen through gaping holes in the safety net that should have been there to ease our readjustment and reintegration” into civilian life.


There’s plenty to learn in this hopeful, frank, give-and-take relationship study.


Closets, Combat and Coming Out: Coming of Age as a Gay Man in the ‘Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell’ Army by Rob Smith, Blue Beacon, 276 pages, $15.95


For a fat kid waiting tables part time at a Denny’s in Akron, the Army was a ticket out, so to speak, and Smith’s story — billed as the first African-American Iraq War memoir — is full of feeling and a fundamental sense of principle.


At basic training, Smith overcomes physical limitations to become an infantry soldier. Although his orientation is “some kind of deal breaker in the military,” at Fort Carson, Colo., he discovers he is not the only gay man in the Army.


He stands up to a belligerent sergeant the “first night I almost died in Iraq” but later realizes “whatever differences we had were dwarfed in the pursuit of the overall goal of survival.”


Demon Camp, A Soldier’s Exorcism by Jennifer Percy, Scribner, 226 pages, $26


“People see PTSD as a problem specifically of war,” writes the author, an Iowa Writers’ Workshop graduate, “but it’s also a problem of our culture,” a culture that maintains “the hallucination of a sterile war.”


Percy gets her hands dirty when she befriends suicidal Caleb Daniels, who was a machine gunner in the Army’s 160th Special Operations Regiment, 3rd Battalion.


Daniels — not his real name — first thinks he is crazy because he sees “dead people,” including his Afghanistan buddy. He is being punished “for killing and for living” and is involved in “spiritual warfare” now.


He introduces Percy to Christian soldiers at an exorcism camp in Portal, Ga., conveniently near Fort Stewart. Followers — a woman calls herself Son of Jesus — are serious, unlike those who “treat Christianity like insurance to keep them out of hell.”


Writers rush in where demons fear not to tread. Percy figuratively immerses herself, and the outcome is bewitching but bewildering. “You don’t know what you’ve gotten yourself into,” Daniels tells her. A couple of times, a reader doesn’t know, either.


Brothers Forever: The Enduring Bond Between a Marine and a Navy SEAL That Transcended Their Ultimate Sacrifice by Tom Sileo and retired Marine Col. Tom Manion, DaCapo Press, 312 pages, $25


The “brothers” are Marine 1st Lt. Travis Manion, whose mantra is “If not me, then who?” and Navy Lt. Brendan Looney, who lives by the motto: “If you make the most of what you are doing, there is no way to regret what you are doing.”


The U.S. Naval Academy roommates and athletes were killed three years apart — Manion in Iraq in 2007 and Looney in Afghanistan in 2010 — and are buried next to each other in Arlington National Cemetery.


Their bond binds this heartfelt and loving tribute co-written by Manion’s father, to be published in May. The school years, service and sacrifice of two young men instill awe, inspire humility and induce tears.


Principles that matter


The First Person You Must Lead Is You by retired Army Brig. Gen. Rebecca “Becky” Halstead, CreateSpace, $16.50


Becky Halstead often says she’s from “a little country town with no traffic lights,” where she “was destined to be a coach and physical education teacher.”


But in 1976, U.S. military academies began to admit women. Shift happens, Halstead writes, and the Christian girl eventually becomes the first female graduate (1981) of West Point to be promoted to the rank of general officer. Later, as the senior commanding general for logistics in Iraq, she stands — at 5 feet 2 inches — with the big guys.


After almost three decades in the military, she illustrates 35 lessons gleaned from “successes and failures” and “mentors and tormentors.”


There are five truths (No. 4: “You must identify your strengths and manage your weaknesses — you have both”) and 30 leadership principles (No. 19: “You must circulate, communicate and connect”) in this earnest guide.


8 Weeks to SEALFit: A Navy SEAL’s Guide to Unconventional Training for Physical and Mental Toughness by Mark Divine, St. Martin’s Press, 240 pages, $17.99


“SEALFit”advertises itself as a combination of official SEAL training and elements of CrossFit, and the book has 120 how-to photographs plus exercise schedules.


But this is no simple workout book: “It’s serious training for serious people, like you.”


“SEALFit” offers “carefully conceived principles to develop yourself physically, mentally and spiritually.” There are four basic skills, “positive internal dialogue”; five “mountains” of human potential; 10 “domains of mastery”; and so many other Divine revelations (“Safety trumps hard” and “Team beats alone”) that you might lose count.


Divine’s third book arrives six months after “The Way of the SEAL: Think Like an Elite Warrior to Lead and Succeed” (Reader’s Digest, 242 pages, $21.99). Two of its tips:


■Silence is golden, creating “space for you to think and thus see reality more clearly.”


■Build on good and bad experiences: “If you want to succeed at the highest levels, you must align the inner with the outer.”


Look up and down


Area 51 Black Jets: A History of the Aircraft Developed at Groom Lake, America’s Secret Aviation Base by Bill Yenne, Zenith Press, 192 pages, $40


Area 51 — the CIA and Air Force site northwest of Las Vegas — is “equal parts ... cold, hard engineering reality and imaginative guesswork,” and this intriguing history illustrates “as much of it as we can tell.” There’s even a disclaimer on the copyright page: “This is not an official publication.”


Every page of content has art, including the Soviet MiG, SR-71 Blackbirds, the U-2, UAVs and UFOs.


Afghanistan on the Bounce: Boots on the Ground with the U.S. Military and the International Security Assistance Force by Robert L. Cunningham with Steven Hartov, Insight Editions, 162 pages, $40


Despite a scrapbook layout with unit patches, paper clips, tape and “removable ephemera” (such as four postcards), “Bounce” just sits there like an over-produced promotional piece.


The collection promises “a sense of the warriors, weapons and wonders,” but delivers only a sense. Where’s the wonder? Most of the photographs have no captions, and you wonder what makes the images meaningful.



J. Ford Huffman is a Military Times book reviewer.


Monday, March 31, 2014

Japan eases ban on military exports


TOKYO — Japan relaxed a decades-old ban on military-related exports Tuesday in a bid to expand joint arms development with allies and equipment sales to Southeast Asia and elsewhere.


The new guidelines endorsed Tuesday by the Cabinet are part of Prime Minister Shinzo Abe's push to bolster national security amid China's military expansion and North Korea's nuclear threat.


Abe has said Japan needs to play a larger role in international peacekeeping and defense cooperation. His government is pushing to allow Japan to defend allies, such as the U.S., if they are under attack, by re-interpreting the war-renouncing Article 9 of Japan's constitution.


The new export guidelines pave the way for Japan to join arms technology development with the U.S. and other allies including Britain, France and Australia and acquire more advanced defense capabilities and equipment, said Nobushibe Takamizawa, deputy chief of Japan's recently created National Security Council.


He said Japanese contractors could also gain access to technology and enhance their competitiveness.


The move, which reverses Japan's nearly half century-old self-imposed restrictions on weapons-related exports, could escalate tensions with China and South Korea.


Yosuke Isozaki, a special adviser to Abe, said that weapons or related technology exports would be allowed only when they serve international cooperation or Japan's national security.


"There is no change to Japan's policy of not allowing any exports that would encourage other countries' conflicts," he told reporters at an embargoed briefing on Monday


Takamizawa said Japan will primarily export technology and equipment for rescue, transport, surveillance and mine sweeping, and is not considering assault equipment such as tanks and fighter jets.


Possible exports include rescue aircraft to India, mine detectors to developing countries and anti-piracy patrol ships to Indonesia, Philippines and several other countries in Southeast Asia, officials said.



Florida Gov. Scott signs bill waiving out-of-state tuition for veterans




TALLAHASSEE, Fla. — Florida Gov. Rick Scott signed the first substantive bill of the state's legislative session Monday, creating a program that will waive out-of-state tuition fees for military veterans.


The "Florida G.I. Bill" will also connect veterans to potential employers and pump money into continuing education and industry certification programs for active service members.


Scott, who served in the Navy, said he hoped the legislation would make Florida “the most military-friendly state” in the nation.


The proposal (HB 7015) won unanimous support in both chambers in March.


Lawmakers were particularly proud of the tuition waiver program, which is named in memory of U.S. Rep. C.W. Bill Young.


Under current law, veterans who are not Florida residents must pay out-of-state rates, which can be four times what residents of the state pay.


The measure is expected to cost the state $11.7 million.


The new law also:



  • Increases funding for the Educational Dollars for Duty program, which seeks to enhance the education level of Florida National Guard members.

  • Creates Florida is for Veterans, Inc., a corporation tasked with promoting Florida to retired and recently separated service members.

  • Encourages government entities to hire veterans, as well as current members of the reserves and the Florida National Guard, and the parents and spouses of service members who died in combat.

  • Allows private businesses to create hiring practices that give preference to veterans and the spouses of disabled or deceased veterans.

  • Helps healthcare professionals who received an honorable discharge to practice in Florida.

  • Removes the one-year residency requirement so that veterans living in Florida can have immediate access to vacancies at state nursing homes.

  • Provides $12.5 million in funding for armories, and $7.5 million to acquire lands around three military installations: Naval Support Activity Panama City, Naval Station Mayport and MacDill Air Force Base.


One provision has been controversial: language encouraging military base commanders to work with the state education commissioner to create new charter schools.


Some educators are concerned that military commanders will be able to circumvent local school boards to establish the semi-private schools.


Last year, the Hillsborough County (Fla.) School Board challenged a charter school looking to open on MacDill Air Force Base. The school’s governing board later withdrew its proposal.


At a bill signing ceremony at the National Guard Armory in Panama City, Fla., military officials had high praise for the legislation.


“The support our military has received from our elected leaders in Florida is at the highest level in my memory,” said Major Gen. Emmett R. Titshaw, Jr., of the Florida National Guard.




Navy tightens screening, worker placed on leave after Norfolk shooting


A civilian police officer has been placed on leave and the Navy is boosting security measures at bases from Virginia to Maine after last week’s shooting aboard the destroyer USS Mahan at Naval Station Norfolk.


The guard who allowed the shooter onto the base was a federal police officer, not a sailor or a contractor, officials said Monday.


Everyone entering a base in the service’s mid-Atlantic region using a transportation worker credential — the kind Jeffrey Savage showed before he shot and killed a sailor — now must be checked against a federal crime database.


Until last week, those checks weren’t mandatory. Navy policy permitted truck drivers to enter with the credential and proof of their business on the base.


It isn’t clear why Savage was allowed in. The 35-year-old convicted felon had no legitimate reason to be at Norfolk Naval Station on March 24, according to authorities.


Driving a tractor-trailer cab, he used a Transportation Worker Identification Credential, or TWIC card, to get past a main gate and a checkpoint at pier 1, where the Mahan is moored. Around 11:20 p.m., Savage boarded the ship. After a female sailor standing guard stopped him on the deck, he managed to take her gun. He used it to shoot and kill 24-year-old Petty Officer 2nd Class Mark Mayo, a Navy guard who was patrolling the pier and rushed to intervene.


The new security measures, which the Navy said started Thursday, call for the names of all TWIC card users to be checked against a federal database, the National Crime Information Center. Base guards are turning away anyone with an outstanding warrant, a felony conviction in the past 10 years, or a violent misdemeanor in the past five. Habitual offenders, sex offenders and people with drug or larceny convictions also aren’t being allowed in, officials said.


Criteria to obtain a TWIC card are less strict.


Already, drivers are lamenting longer waits to get on base.


“Some people have been turned away,” said Beth Baker, a spokeswoman for the Navy’s mid-Atlantic region.


The new measures would have kept out Savage, who served prison time for a drug offense and voluntary manslaughter; he shot and killed a friend during a 2005 argument.


The Navy also has increased random checks, such as vehicle searches, officials said. The changes were ordered by the region’s commander, Rear Adm. Dixon Smith.


In addition to an investigation being conducted by the Naval Criminal Investigative Service, the Navy has launched an inquiry that will “explore in detail how (Savage) accessed the base, including whether the gate sentry complied with access control procedures in effect at the time,” the service said in a Monday news release.


Officials declined to say whether any Mahan sailors have been disciplined. It was the ship’s job to staff the pier 1 checkpoint.


Officials have not given a motive or said why they think Savage was on the base — if they know. They’ve said only that they don’t think he planned the attack, and he walked onto the Mahan unarmed.


Savage had only recently become a truck driver; he got his TWIC card earlier this year. The credentials are issued by the Transportation Security Administration and allow unescorted access to secure ports and military installations.


The Department of Homeland Security, which oversees the TSA, has not responded to repeated inquiries about the TWIC program.


Savage’s body was transferred from Portsmouth Naval Medical Center to a funeral home on Friday. His funeral is today.


The Navy is planning a memorial service for Mayo on April 7 at Naval Station Norfolk.


Pilot writer Bill Sizemore contributed to this report.



More support needed for caregivers of military wounded, study finds


SAN DIEGO — The nation needs to better acknowledge and support the efforts of the “hidden heroes” from the Iraq and Afghanistan wars: the estimated 1.1 million civilian, volunteer caregivers tending to the needs of wounded and disabled veterans, according to recommendations contained in a RAND Corp. study released Monday.


While family members and others have long cared for veterans, the veterans from two recent wars are more likely to have mental health and substance problems, making the task of providing care even more difficult, according to the study, which was funded by the Elizabeth Dole Foundation.


A common task for caregivers is helping the veteran “in coping with stressful situations or other emotional and behavioral challenges,” the study found. Other tasks include housework, meals, transportation and overall “health management and maintenance.”


“Caring for a loved one is a demanding and difficult task,” the researchers concluded, “often doubly so for caregivers who are juggling care duties with family life and work. The result is often that caregivers pay a price for their devotion.”


The price often involves workplace problems caused by absenteeism, strain on other family relationships and health problems. Many caregivers suffer depression, the report said.


Former U.S. Sen. Elizabeth Dole, whose husband, former U.S. Sen. Bob Dole, was severely wounded during World War II, said she hopes the study serves as “a call to action” to help military caregivers. “The findings confirm this is an urgent societal crisis,” Dole said.


More than 40 percent of caregivers are between 18 and 30 years old, often spouses in young marriages that may not survive the stress. A quarter of caregivers are aging parents, a fact that suggests that soon there may be a “need to find alternative care for the veteran.”


Both the Department of Veterans Affairs and the Department of Defense try to include caregivers in their treatment of veterans, the study found. The VA has also begun a study of the effectiveness of caregivers in hopes of compiling “best practices.”


Still, much more needs to be done to help caregivers shoulder the burden of a spouse or family member with PTSD or traumatic brain injury or other condition, the study concludes.


“We found that 53 percent of post-9/11 caregivers have no caregiving network — an individual or group that regularly provides help with caregiving — to support them,” the RAND study concluded.



US may be considering early release of spy Jonathan Pollard


WASHINGTON — The Obama administration appears to have begun considering the early release of Jonathan Pollard, an American serving a life sentence for spying for Israel, as it tries to nudge the Middle East peace process forward.


On Monday, U.S. officials conspicuously declined to comment on reports that Pollard’s release might be under consideration. Just days earlier, the State Department had issued flat denials after Israeli press reports that the idea was under discussion.


The shift in the official response suggested that the government again might be looking at the early release of Pollard as a way to advance Mideast negotiations.


Israeli officials, including Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, have repeatedly sought Pollard’s early release. Some U.S. officials think that releasing him could ease the way for Netanyahu to accept negotiating steps the administration wants him to take, particularly the release of Palestinians convicted of terrorist acts.


But U.S. defense and intelligence officials have fought the idea for years, with the CIA leading the way. In 1998, when President Bill Clinton agreed to review the case with an eye toward moving along a Mideast peace accord, CIA Director George Tenet threatened to resign if Pollard were released.


Pollard, 59, a former intelligence analyst for the Navy, pleaded guilty to selling U.S. secrets, including satellite photos and data on Soviet weapons and ship movements, to Israel in the early 1980s. He was sentenced to life in prison in 1987 and is being held at the federal prison in Butner, N.C.


Under federal sentencing rules, Pollard will be eligible for parole in November 2015. As that date draws near, the long-standing opposition to releasing him early might wane, some analysts suggest.


Like his predecessors, Obama has opposed Pollard’s release. Last week, State Department spokesperson Jen Psaki made the possibility sound out of the question.


“Jonathan Pollard was convicted of espionage against the United States, a very serious crime, was sentenced to life in prison and is serving his sentence,” Psaki said in a statement. “There are currently no plans to release Jonathan Pollard.”


On Monday, White House press secretary Jay Carney emphasized only the first part of that statement.


“I have nothing new about Jonathan Pollard that I haven’t said in the past, which is that he was convicted of espionage and he is serving his sentence,” Carney said.


“I have nothing to add to that,” Carney said, before adding, “When it comes to the Middle East peace process and the work being done with both parties to try to move that process forward, there’s a lot of complicated moving parts.”


Seymour D. Reich, an influential New York lawyer who has been campaigning for Pollard’s release, said he thinks the situation is moving in Pollard’s favor.


“I think it’s going to happen, and it’s overdue,” said Reich, a former chairman of the Conference of Presidents of Major American Jewish Organizations.



US report: No proof torture helped find bin Laden


WASHINGTON — A hotly disputed U.S. Senate torture report concludes that waterboarding and other harsh interrogation methods provided no key evidence in the hunt for Osama bin Laden, according to congressional aides and outside experts familiar with the investigation.


The CIA still disputes that conclusion.


From the moment of bin Laden's death almost three years ago in what was America's biggest counterterrorism success, former Bush administration and some senior CIA officials have cited the evidence trail leading to the al-Qaida mastermind's compound in Pakistan as vindicating the "enhanced interrogation techniques" they authorized after the Sept. 11, 2001, attacks.


But Democratic and some Republican senators have disputed that account. They described simulated drownings, sleep deprivation and other such practices as cruel and ineffective. With the release edging closer for the Senate Intelligence Committee's report on interrogations, renditions and detentions, they hope to make a persuasive case.


The report, congressional aides and outside experts said, examines the treatment of several high-level terror detainees and the information they provided on bin Laden. The aides and people briefed on the report spoke on condition of anonymity because they were not authorized to speak publicly about the confidential document.


The most high-profile detainee linked to the bin Laden investigation was Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, whom the CIA waterboarded 183 times. Mohammed, intelligence officials have noted, confirmed after his 2003 capture that he knew an important al-Qaida courier with the nom de guerre Abu Ahmed al-Kuwaiti.


But the report concludes that such information wasn't critical, according to the aides. Mohammed only discussed al-Kuwaiti months after being waterboarded, while he was under standard interrogation, they said. And Mohammed neither acknowledged al-Kuwaiti's significance nor provided interrogators with the courier's real name.


The debate over how investigators put the pieces together is significant because years later, the courier led U.S. intelligence to the sleepy Pakistani military town of Abbottabad. There, Navy SEALs killed bin Laden in a secret mission.


The CIA also has pointed to the value of information provided by senior al-Qaida operative Abu Faraj al-Libi, who was captured in 2005 and held at a secret prison.


U.S. officials have described how al-Libi made up a name for a trusted courier and denied knowing al-Kuwaiti. Al-Libi, they said, was so adamant and unbelievable in his denial that the CIA took it as confirmation he and Mohammed were protecting the courier.


But the report concludes evidence gathered from al-Libi wasn't significant either, the aides said.


Essentially, they argued, Mohammed, al-Libi and others subjected to harsh treatment confirmed only what investigators already knew about the courier. And when they denied the courier's significance or provided misleading information, investigators would only have considered that significant if they already presumed the courier's importance.


The aides did not address information provided by yet another al-Qaida operative: Hassan Ghul, captured in Iraq in 2004. Intelligence officials have described Ghul as the true lynchpin of the bin Laden investigation after he identified al-Kuwaiti as a critical courier.


In a 2012 news release, Sen. Dianne Feinstein, the head of the Senate Intelligence Committee, and Sen. Carl Levin acknowledged an unidentified "third detainee" had provided relevant information on the courier. But they said he did so the day before he was subjected to harsh CIA interrogation. "This information will be detailed in the Intelligence committee's report," the senators said at the time.


In any case, it still took the CIA years to learn al-Kuwaiti's real identity: Sheikh Abu Ahmed, a Pakistani man born in Kuwait. How the U.S. learned of Ahmed's name is still unclear.


Without providing full details, aides said the Senate report illustrates the importance of the National Security Agency's efforts overseas.


Intelligence officials have previously described how in the years when the CIA couldn't find where bin Laden's courier was, NSA eavesdroppers came up with nothing until 2010 — when Ahmed had a telephone conversation with someone monitored by U.S. intelligence.


At that point, U.S. intelligence was able to follow Ahmed to bin Laden's hideout.


Feinstein and other senators have spoken only vaguely of the contents of the classified review. But they have made references to the divergence between their understanding of how the bin Laden operation came together and assertions of former CIA and Bush administration officials who have defended harsh interrogations.


Feinstein will push to release a summary of the intelligence committee's review later this week, starting a declassification process that could take several months before any documents are made public.