Saturday, December 27, 2014

Ceremony to mark transition of US troop presence in Afghanistan


35 minutes ago




KABUL, Afghanistan – After 13 years, the U.S.-led military coalition is officially shifting their long military mission to a limited presence focused on training and advising.


The changeover, which will be marked by a ceremony Sunday, is largely symbolic – the combat role of international troops has been steadily reduced over the past two years – but President Barack Obama has hailed it as the end of America’s war in Afghanistan.


But there will still be nearly 11,000 U.S. service members in Afghanistan in 2015 and while the focus is to be on training and advising, foreign troops will still have the ability to go after al Qaeda and Taliban in certain circumstances. At the height of the war, there were 100,000 American troops in the country.


The shift comes as many say violence has reached its highest levels of the war – more civilians and Afghan troops died in 2014 than in any other year since the U.S. invasion in 2001 – and the Afghan security forces are now largely on their own to battle a still entrenched Taliban.


Continued international air support, intelligence, and logistics help is seen as key to bolstering the Afghan forces.


Druzin.heath@stripes.com; Twitter: @Druzin_Stripes




AirAsia plane with 161 aboard missing in Indonesia


JAKARTA, Indonesia — An AirAsia plane with 161 people on board lost contact with ground control on Sunday while flying over the Java Sea after taking off from a provincial city in Indonesia for Singapore, and search and rescue operations were underway.


AirAsia, a regional low-cost carrier with presence in several Southeast Asian countries, said in a statement that the missing plane was an Airbus A320-200 and that search and rescue operations were in progress.


Flight QZ8501 lost communication with Jakarta's air traffic control at 7:24 a.m. Singapore time (2324 GMT Saturday) about an hour before it was scheduled to land in Singapore, the Singapore Civil Aviation Authority said in a statement. The contact was lost about 42 minutes after the single-aisle jetliner took off from Indonesia's Surabaya airport, Hadi Mustofa, an official of the transportation ministry told Indonesia's MetroTV.


The plane had six crew and 155 passengers, including 16 children and one infant, the general manager of Surabaya's Juanda airport, Trikora Raharjo, told The Associated Press.


There were six foreigners — three South Koreans including an infant and one each from Singapore, Britain and Malaysia, said Raharjo. The rest were Indonesians, he said.


The plane lost contact when it was believed to be over the Java Sea between Kalimantan and Java islands, Mustofa said. He said the weather in the area was cloudy.


The Singapore statement said search and rescue operations have been activated by the Indonesian authorities. It said the Singapore air force and the navy also were searching with two C-130 planes.


Flightradar24, a flight tracking website, said the plane was delivered in September 2008, which would make it six years old. It said the plane was flying at 32,000 feet (9,700 meters), the regular cruising altitude for most jetliners, when the signal from the plane was lost


The Malaysia-based AirAsia, which has dominated cheap travel in the region for years, has never lost a plane before.


This is the third major air incident for Southeast Asia this year. On March 8, Malaysia Airlines flight 370, a wide-bodied Boeing 777, went missing soon after taking off from Kuala Lumpur for Beijing. It remains missing until this day with 239 people in one of the biggest aviation mysteries. Another Malaysia Airlines flight, also a Boeing 777, was shot down over rebel-controlled eastern Ukraine while on a flight from Amsterdam to Kuala Lumpur on July 17. A total of 298 people on board were killed.



Pakistan military given carte blanche in fight against militants


ISLAMABAD (Tribune Content Agency) — Ten days after Taliban militants massacred 148 mostly children at an army-run school in the northern Pakistani city of Peshawar, the nation’s politicians this week gave the military two years’ carte blanche to wage, as it saw fit, the decisive phase of the country’s protracted civil war with Islamist terrorists.


The scope of the conflict was broadened beyond the Taliban Movement of Pakistan, which has waged a bloody insurgency since July 2007, to include all jihadist and sectarian militants on Pakistani soil. That decision echoes the vow Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif made Dec. 17, the day after the school massacre, not to differentiate between so-called “good and bad Taliban.”


The military’s nationwide campaign, effectively underway since the June launch of a massive offensive in northwest tribal areas, is being closely watched by the United States and other countries to see whether it encompasses Pakistan-based militant groups that have repeatedly attacked neighboring Afghanistan and India.


Dozens of political leadership figures had gathered Wednesday at the prime minister’s official residence in Islamabad to decide on a “national plan of action” under the stern gaze of the army chief of staff, Gen. Raheel Sharif, considered the nation’s most powerful man.


Their protracted talks concluded late in the day in consensus on 20 points of action that gave Gen. Sharif what he had demanded: unchallengeable powers for the military to pursue, detain and pass verdict upon Islamist militants and their abettors.


“We owe it to our coming generations to eliminate this scourge of terror, for once and for all,” the army chief had told participants, according to tweets by the military’s public relations directorate.


He was also behind the decision Dec. 17, the day after the Peshawar school massacre, of Prime Minister Sharif (no relation to the general) to end a six-year moratorium on capital punishment. The moratorium had been introduced by a previous administration to meet the human rights-related conditions of a preferential trade agreement with the European Union.


The government on Dec. 19 and Dec. 21 executed six former servicemen convicted by courts martial of attacks on military personnel and installation. There has been a lull since, as high courts heard and disposed of legal challenges from several convicted terrorists, but the hangings are expected to quickly resume.


The interior ministry has approved the execution of 400 people convicted of terrorism offenses prior to 2008. In all, there are more than 3,000 convicted terrorists on death row, all of whom are to be hanged.


A further 6,000 suspected terrorists and their supporters have been targeted for arrest in the military-led nationwide crackdown, and summary trial in military courts, where the rules of courts martial would apply.


The grand empowerment of the military was readily agreed to Wednesday by Pakistan’s political right wing, which includes nationalist parties led by the prime minister and his nemesis, Imran Khan.


“History will never forgive us if we do not eliminate the curse of terrorism,” Prime Minister Sharif said in an emotional televised address Wednesday after the political meeting.


The nationalist parties had based their successful campaigns for a May 2013 general election upon the premise of seeking a negotiated end to a bloody, economically crippling militant uprising, launched in July 2007, through direct talks with the Taliban Movement of Pakistan leadership.


Exploratory talks were held March through May by committees of intermediaries representing the government and the Taliban, despite ongoing terrorist attacks and vocal opposition from the military, which asserted its authority after a June 9 Taliban attack on an airport in the southern city of Karachi that killed 28, mostly security personnel.


The military responded by announcing June 15 the launch of an offensive against Pakistani and foreign militants in the North Waziristan tribal area, described in 2010 by the Obama administration as “the global epicenter of terrorism.” The government didn’t publicly echo the decision until two days later, building a perception the prime minister had been overruled by the army chief of staff.


The decision Wednesday has been justified on the grounds of the Pakistani judiciary’s track record of failure to convict suspected terrorists — either for a lack of evidence or out of fear for officials’ lives.


An Islamabad anti-terrorist court judge had caused huge embarrassment to the government Dec. 18 when he accepted the bail application of the suspected mastermind of the November 2008 terrorist attack on the Indian city of Mumbai.


Zakiur Rahman Lakhvi, allegedly the operations chief of the Lashkar-e-Taiba terrorist group, has been charged with planning and remotely directing the three-day rampage by 10 mostly Pakistani militants, who killed 166 people.


Amid Indian demands that it act to prevent his release, Pakistani authorities rearrested Lakhvi before his release from prison could be processed, but the government has not clearly stated whether or not it intends to crack down on Lashkar-e-Taiba.


The group’s founder, Hafiz Muhammad Saeed, was arrested on suspicion of involvement, but the weak case mounted against him by public prosecutors led to an acquittal, and subsequent appeals were exhausted in May 2010.


Hussain is a McClatchy special correspondent.


©2014 McClatchy Washington Bureau. Distributed by Tribune Content Agency, LLC.



Navy discriminated against Muslim, denied promotion over beard, lawsuit says


(Tribune Content Agency) — A Muslim civil rights group has sued the government on behalf of a former Navy enlisted man from Northern California who says he was the target of ethnic slurs, was reassigned to a menial job and was later denied re-enlistment after seeking permission to wear a beard for religious reasons.


Jonathan Berts of Fairfield applied to wear a beard in January 2011, but Defense Department policy did not allow religious exemptions from grooming requirements. The Pentagon relaxed its policy in January, allowing accommodations for a person’s religious beliefs, but it came too late to help Berts, said his lawyers at the Council on American-Islamic Relations.


After his request for a religious accommodation was turned down, Berts, an African American Muslim who had enlisted in 2002, was denied a previously recommended promotion and was subjected to “a barrage of derogatory terms, anti-Islamic slurs, and inappropriate lines of questions about his religious beliefs and loyalty to the United States,” said the lawsuit, filed this week in U.S. District Court in Sacramento.


The supervisor who had rejected Berts’ promotion to first class petty officer called him names like “camel jockey” and “towel head,” his lawyers said. They said Berts, a barracks instructor who taught military history and physical education to recruits at the Great Lakes naval base in Illinois, was soon transferred to an “abandoned, roach-infested building” where he spent his days in isolation guarding piles of old office equipment.


Berts, who had wanted to stay in the Navy, agreed to an honorable discharge in December 2011 and has applied unsuccessfully for re-enlistment several times since, the suit said. He manages low-income apartment buildings in Fairfield but still serves in the Navy Reserve with high evaluations, said attorney Brice Hamack, the Muslim group’s Northern California civil rights coordinator.


Hamack said Berts was allowed to wear a beard during his first four years in the Navy for medical reasons, because of a skin condition, and was turned down only when he later asked to wear one because of his Islamic faith.


“We appreciate that the Department of Defense has made strides in updating its stance on religious accommodations,” Hamack said, but it also needs to “remedy the harm caused” to people like Berts under the previous policy. The suit seeks court orders returning Berts to active duty and restoring the losses he suffered to his pension and other benefits because of his discharge.


A similar dispute has reached the U.S. Supreme Court, which heard arguments in October in the case of a Muslim who was denied permission to grow a half-inch beard in a prison in Arkansas, one of 10 states that do not let inmates wear beards.


Navy officials were unavailable for comment on Berts’ suit.


©2014 the San Francisco Chronicle. Distributed by Tribune Content Agency, LLC.



MQ-8C Fire Scout drone helo flies from Navy ship at sea for 1st time




NORFOLK, Va. — For the first time, the Navy has flown an unmanned MQ-8C Fire Scout helicopter from the deck of a ship at sea.


Earlier this month off the coast of Virginia, engineers from Northrop Grumman practiced taking off and landing the MQ-8C Fire Scout from the deck of the guided missile destroyer USS Jason Dunham.


From a control room aboard the ship, civilian pilots completed 32 takeoffs and landings with the new drone helicopter over several days before wrapping up the sea trials Tuesday. The Navy also ran three full-scale test flights, which involved maneuvering the helicopter a significant distance away from the ship.


The goal, according to the Navy, was to assess the drone’s capabilities in different wind conditions and to see how well it could land on a ship moving at different speeds.


The Navy has been using the unmanned helicopter since 2009 for surveillance missions, but it had never been flown from a ship.


The helicopter tests are part of a broader move toward unmanned systems. In 2013, the Navy launched an unmanned, automated fighter jet from the deck of an aircraft carrier. In the coming years, the service hopes to launch a fleet of unmanned underwater robots to patrol harbors and clear mine fields.


©2014 The (Norfolk) Virginian-Pilot. Distributed by Tribune Content Agency, LLC.




Friday, December 26, 2014

North Korea calls Obama 'monkey,' blames US for its Internet outage


SEOUL, South Korea — North Korea called President Barack Obama "a monkey" and blamed the U.S. on Saturday for shutting down its Internet amid the hacking row over the comedy "The Interview."


North Korea has denied involvement in a crippling cyberattack on Sony Pictures but has expressed fury over the comedy depicting an assassination of its leader Kim Jong Un. Sony Pictures initially called off the release citing threats of terror attacks against U.S. movie theaters. Obama criticized Sony's decision, and the movie has opened this week.


On Saturday, the North's powerful National Defense Commission, the country's top governing body led by Kim, said that Obama was behind the release of "The Interview." It described the movie as illegal, dishonest and reactionary.


"Obama always goes reckless in words and deeds like a monkey in a tropical forest," an unidentified spokesman at the commission's Policy Department said in a statement carried by the official Korean Central News Agency.


It wasn't the first time North Korea has used crude insults against Obama and other top U.S. and South Korean officials. Earlier this year, the North called U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry a wolf with a "hideous" lantern jaw and South Korean President Park Geun-hye a prostitute. In May, the North's news agency published a dispatch saying Obama has the "shape of a monkey."


The defense commission also accused Washington for intermittent outages of North Korea websites this week, which happened after the U.S. had promised to respond to the Sony hack. The U.S. government has declined to say if it was behind the shutdown.


There was no immediate reaction from the White House on Saturday.


According to the North Korean commission's spokesman, "the U.S., a big country, started disturbing the Internet operation of major media of the DPRK, not knowing shame like children playing a tag." DPRK refers to the North's official name, the Democratic People's Republic of Korea.


The commission said the movie was the results of a hostile U.S. policy toward North Korea and threatened the U.S. with unspecified consequences.


North Korea and the U.S. remain technically in a state of war because the 1950-53 Korean War ended with an armistice, not a peace treaty. The rivals also are locked in an international standoff over the North's nuclear and missile programs and its alleged human rights abuses. The U.S. stations about 28,500 troops in South Korea as deterrence against North Korean aggression.



Feds investigating claim that Mexican cartel kidnapped Border Patrol agent


(Tribune Content Agency) — A threat called into a Texas town claiming that a Mexican drug cartel member has kidnapped an officer has federal officials scrambling to account for more than 3,000 U.S. Border Patrol agents in the Rio Grande Valley.


La Joya police dispatchers received a call around 7 p.m. Thursday from a man claiming to have kidnapped a Border Patrol agent and threatening to kill him, according to Police Chief Geovani Hernandez.


Hernandez says police think the person first called 911 Thursday morning to report illegal movement of people near the border. During that call, Hernandez says, the man seemed to think he had hung up the phone and upon realizing the dispatcher was still on the line, became enraged.


The man called back eight more times on Christmas, Hernandez said, repeatedly cursing at and threatening dispatchers in Spanish.


The man mentioned a Border Patrol agent on the ninth and final call.


In a voice recording released by La Joya police, a man’s voice is heard speaking in Spanish, saying he has a Border Patrol agent.


Hernandez says he thinks the man’s claimed affiliation with a cartel, which authorities are not identifying, is legitimate, but Border Patrol officials say they are still trying to authenticate the kidnapping claim.


Oscar Zamora, a Border Patrol spokesman, says the agency is reaching out to more than 3,000 agents in the Rio Grande Valley sector, which includes La Joya, “out of an abundance of caution.” Zamora says the agency has accounted for all on-duty agents, but officials are still trying to confirm the whereabouts of all off-duty agents, a task that has proved challenging with many of the agents off for the holidays.


The Federal Bureau of Investigation says it is aware of the reports and is in communication with La Joya police, the Border Patrol and the government of Mexico, and “will continue to coordinate … and monitor the situation to determine what, if any, action is appropriate.”


©2014 Los Angeles Times. Distributed by Tribune Content Agency, LLC.



Makers of 'American Sniper' press ahead to tell tale of war and home


NEW YORK (Tribune News Service) -- Jason Hall had just turned in his first draft of a script about Chris Kyle, the deadliest sniper in U.S. military history. Bradley Cooper, who was producing the film and had agreed to star, was at a screening of "Silver Linings Playbook" for a group of veterans in Washington.


Kyle himself, still acclimating to life in Midlothian, Texas, after his fourth and final Iraq war tour, had just texted Hall an "LOL" in response to a raunchy joke.


It was Feb. 2, 2013, and their project together, "American Sniper," was lurching along in development at Warner Bros. Cooper and Hall had pitched it as a western with Kyle pitted against an equally gifted enemy sniper in the sandstorms of Iraq. But Kyle's story took a bizarre and devastating turn when he was killed that day at a gun range near his home, allegedly by a veteran he was trying to help.


"The gears just went off for a second," Cooper said, recalling the moment he learned about Kyle's death. "Everything just kind of stopped. Your brain takes in the information, but your body hasn't quite caught up. Chris and I, we're the same age, the same height, the same shoe size. You're just reminded anything's possible in life."


Less than two years later, "American Sniper" arrived in theaters Christmas Day. Instead of a straightforward tale about an elite warrior, it became, by necessity, a complex story about the heavy burdens a veteran carries home.


Clint Eastwood, perhaps Hollywood's greatest chronicler of male stoicism and its side effects, directs the film, which Hall adapted loosely from Kyle's bestselling autobiography written with Scott McEwen and Jim DeFelice. Hall's script deliberately borrows from Eastwood's "Unforgiven": The 1992 western's line, "It's a hell of a thing to kill a man" becomes, in a hunting scene in "American Sniper," "It's a hell of a thing to stop a beating heart."


The story toggles between the intensity of the battlefield, where Kyle earned the nickname "The Legend" for his 160 confirmed kills, and the bittersweetness of the home front, where his wife, Taya (Sienna Miller), emerges as the audience's proxy, both charmed by and worried for her husband as she feels him emotionally disengaging with each tour.


Even before Kyle's death, a contemporary war movie was not going to be an easy sell, particularly for Hall, whose two previous screenplays, the 2013 thriller "Paranoia" and 2009 sex comedy "Spread," cover very different thematic terrain. Hall had met Kyle through hedge fund manager Dan Loeb and established a relationship with the marksman on a hunting trip.


He wasn't having any luck with his pitch to studios until he reached out to Cooper, a friend who had established a box office track record as the Wolf Pack's chief charmer in the "Hangover" movies and was about to collect his first of two Oscar nominations for a vulnerable role as a bipolar man in "Silver Linings Playbook." That performance and another as permed FBI agent Richie DiMaso in "American Hustle" proved that he could handle neurotic, East Coast oddballs, but a drawling, Texas-born Navy SEAL was another kind of man entirely.


Still, Hall approached Cooper on a hunch, knowing he loved the 1978 Vietnam War movie "The Deer Hunter."


"The first question Bradley asked me about Chris was, 'Did [the war] mess him up?'" Hall said.


'Tremendous empathy'


Earlier this month, two days after he had opened on Broadway in a profoundly different but just as physically demanding role, "The Elephant Man," Cooper arrived at an interview in a pair of Merrell hiking boots of the type Kyle had worn in Iraq. He said that, since he'd started talking about the film to journalists, he had begun dreaming that he was Kyle, walking around his house in Midlothian.


"I always feel like I carry the character with me," Cooper said. "I just found tremendous empathy for him; I admired the sacrifice he made, his strength."


After Kyle's death gave his story a third act that was sadder than fiction, Cooper and Hall put the project on hold.


"Nobody wants to make an Iraq war movie," Hall said. "Nobody. ... But we didn't question so much whether the movie would go on as whether it should go on. For us to just continue like nothing had happened, it felt gross. It was heavy. It just didn't seem fair that someone could go through all that he did and come home and be murdered in his own backyard."


Cooper declined to define the politics of the film, which takes place between 2004 and 2008 but still feels current as ISIS has begun the process of undoing the democratic gains that U.S. troops painfully wrought.


"The whole reason we wanted to tell the story was to be as specific as possible about this guy and not make a comment about anything else," Cooper said. "That's for people to do who are watching the movie. I'm not saying this is a pro-war movie or an antiwar movie or a war movie, even. It's a character study about a soldier having to go from family life to battle and back."


With Taya's blessing and participation, Cooper and Hall resumed the project in the months after Kyle's death, but with a determination to get deeper under the layers of his character.


Taya and Hall talked daily for hours, and she shared details of her husband's gentler side that had been omitted from the memoir, like how she knew Kyle was feeling better when he started ironing a crease in his jeans and wearing a flashy belt buckle.


"If you want to know who a man is, don't ask the man, ask his wife," Hall said. "Taya said, 'If you're still gonna do this, do it right. Cause this is how my kids are gonna know their father,' which sucker-punched me."


Steven Spielberg came aboard briefly to direct in the months after Kyle's death, before dropping out over budget concerns, but his interested stoked the studio's. Greg Silverman, Warner's president of creative and worldwide development, suggested Eastwood, who was making "Jersey Boys" for them, his latest in a nearly 40-year relationship with the studio.


"I had done war stories before, but this was more of a cross between his romantic life and his exploits in combat," Eastwood said in an email interview. "'American Sniper' is set in a war that is still fresh in the minds of the public and opinions are still divided. But regardless of how you feel about the war, we should appreciate the people who serve in the military and the families that support them. That's another thing that attracted me to the film."


Prepping to be Kyle


With Eastwood aboard, Cooper, who was about to earn his Oscar nomination for "American Hustle," began to prepare in earnest. He worked out while listening to Kyle's adrenalized playlist of Linkin Park and Staind songs, ate 6,000 calories a day to gain the 35 pounds of muscle that separated them and enlisted a dialect coach to perfect a particular West Texas accent. He watched videos of Kyle, adopted his habit of breathing loudly through his nose and learned a ridiculous amount of information about guns.


"At that time [before Kyle died] I felt I wasn't right for the role. Look at me, I'm from Philadelphia, I weigh 185 pounds. He was a huge [guy] from Texas. I thought maybe Chris Pratt. But in order to get WB to buy, I had to agree to star. I loved the story, though."


"I was fearful," Cooper added. "There's nothing worse than seeing an actor pretend he's from Texas, doing an accent. You're like, oh, shut the ... up. The hope is, two minutes into the movie you forget it's me."


This spring Eastwood shot the film in Rabat, Morocco, and in Southern California, where the Blue Cloud Movie Ranch in Santa Clarita stood in for urban Iraq and the Imperial Valley town of El Centro provided the setting for a climactic battle scene.


Cooper, Eastwood and Hall discussed multiple endings before deciding against actually showing Kyle's killing for reasons of both storytelling and taste.


"I considered ending the film at the shooting range," Eastwood said. "But that would have shifted the focus to his death and made it a different movie. We were telling the story of Chris Kyle's life and wanted to keep the focus there."


Instead, the movie ends with moving real-life footage from Kyle's funeral, some of which Hall recorded on his iPhone, as thousands of Texans waved at the procession from roadsides and overpasses.


Most critics agree that "American Sniper's" strengths lie in the naturalness of Cooper's performance and the immediacy of the battle scenes, but they tend to disagree on its political stripes.


The Times' Kenneth Turan praised the film for showing that "heroism and being on the right side do not solve all problems for men in combat." LA Weekly's Amy Nicholson dismissed the movie as "unexamined jingoism." And the Hollywood Reporter's Tom McCarthy said, "The politics of the war are completely off the table here."


Hall said the movie's politics are deliberately as impenetrable as a dust storm.


"We went into Afghanistan and I got it," Hall said. "We went into Iraq and I was, like, I don't totally get it. But as soon as we had boots on the ground, I supported those guys. There are humans fighting this war, and the effect on them is singular and personal."


Cooper said he will be screening the film for veterans groups and hopes that, as with audiences who saw themselves in his bipolar character in "Silver Linings Playbook," soldiers take some solace in his portrayal of Kyle.


"I just want to show the movie to vets and hope they don't feel so alone," Cooper said. "Maybe people will relate to and empathize with Chris' story and maybe people like me and you, the next time we see a soldier in an airport we'll think for a minute about where they're coming from and what they've been through and have more understanding."


(c) 2014 the Los Angeles Times. Distributed by Tribune Content Agency, LLC



Thursday, December 25, 2014

South Korea to sign pact with US, Japan to share intelligence


12 minutes ago












In this March 25, 2014 file photo, President Barack Obama, center, watches South Korean President Park Geun-hye, left, and Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe, right, before the start their trilateral meeting at the U.S. Ambassador's Residence in the Hague, Netherlands.






SEOUL, South Korea — South Korea, the U.S. and Japan will sign their first-ever trilateral intelligence-sharing pact next week to better cope with North Korea's increasing nuclear and missile threats, Seoul officials said Friday.


The U.S. has separate, bilateral intelligence-sharing agreements with South Korea and Japan, both American allies which are hosts to tens of thousands of American troops.


But Seoul and Japan don't have such bilateral pacts amid long-running history disputes stemming from Japan's colonial rule of the Korean Peninsula from 1910 to 1945. In 2012, the two almost forged their first-ever intelligence-sharing pact but its signing was scrapped at the last minute due to backlash in South Korea.


Under the trilateral pact, South Korea and Japan would share intelligence, only on North Korea's nuclear and missile programs, via the U.S., according to a statement from Seoul's Defense Ministry.


The pact would enable the three countries to swiftly respond to any North Korean provocation at a time when its threats are growing following its third nuclear test in February 2013, the statement said. The use of Japanese intelligence assets would boost surveillance on North Korea, it said.


South Korean officials have said the North is believed to have made progress in its goal of manufacturing nuclear warheads small and light enough to be placed on a missile capable of reaching the U.S., given that eight years have passed since its first bomb tests. North Korea conducted its first test in 2006 followed by another in 2009.


The formal signing of the pact by the South Korean vice defense minister and his U.S. and Japanese counterparts will take place Monday, according to South Korean defense officials.


The Korean Peninsula remains in a technical state of war because the 1950-53 Korean War ended with an armistice, not a peace treaty. In October, troops of the rival Koreas exchanged gunfire along their heavily fortified border several times though no causalities were reported.




Unlike ‘Unbroken’ bombardier, woman won't forgive Japanese captors


KANSAS CITY, Mo. (Tribune Content Agency) — Betsy Herold Heimke’s Christmas story has candy, a turkey drumstick and soldiers at the front door.


It was night. Light glistened on bayonets. The soldiers barged in and ordered her family to leave the next day. Take food, they yelled. This may take awhile.


Heimke was 12 and “so scared I had no spit in my mouth,” she later wrote. She would wear the same shoes for the next three years until American tanks arrived at Bilibid prison in the Philippines in February 1945.


Heimke is now 85 and lives in Overland Park, Kan. Her story of internment as a young girl during World War II tells of mean men, hunger, rats, blood-soaked mattresses, clogged toilets and, most of all, a fear that it would never end.


She watched her mother struggle daily to keep the family together and fed. People died around her. Her father’s ribs stuck out like steel bars.


No one should expect any Louie Zamperini-like absolution from her.


Zamperini was an American bombardier who was held as a POW and tortured by the Japanese after his plane went down in the Pacific. Part of his story, as told in the best-selling book “Unbroken” and now a movie that opened Christmas Day, is that after the war, he traveled to Japan and forgave the guards who mistreated him.


When asked whether she could do the same, Heimke lifted her eyes from her scrapbook and locked onto those of her questioner.


“He’s a better Christian than I am,” she said of Zamperini. “I’m not there and doubt I will ever be.”


Heimke’s parents are dead. So is the big brother, Billy, who was with her in the camps. She’s all that’s left of the family the Japanese soldiers came for that night during a roundup of Western families.


And almost 70 years after being freed, her voice still breaks when she tells her story of internment.


Such as when she repeats what her mother whispered to her almost every night at bedtime: “One day, the Americans will come.”


Betsy Herold’s parents had gone to the Philippines in 1922 to teach school. Her father later worked for a timber company. The family lived near Baguio on the island of Luzon. She went to school with children from other British and American families.


And then came December 1941.


“My father always had the radio on,” Heimke said during an interview in the living room of her apartment at the Tallgrass Creek retirement community in Overland Park. “That’s how we learned about Pearl Harbor.”


Not to worry, her father told the family. Hawaii is 5,000 miles away. They would be fine.


The next day, when she and other school kids saw planes in a V formation flying overhead, they yelled at the Americans to “bomb hell out of Tokyo!”


But the planes were Japanese, and they dropped their bombs on Camp John Hay, a nearby U.S. Army installation. Several soldiers died in the attack. Japan was making its push for superiority across the region.


More enemy planes came in the following days.


“Some flew so low you could see the fur collars on the pilots,” Heimke remembered.


Her parents, fearing occupation, sent her and her brother north into the jungle to a timber outpost associated with her father’s business. But her mother wanted them home for Christmas. Heimke was glad to return but dismayed that blankets covered the windows, making the house “like a tomb.”


On Christmas Day 1941, they had the traditional meal. Even candy. But unlike previous years, no packages arrived from Sears Roebuck. Air raid sirens blew and bombs fell. The family spent part of the day in a shelter, young Betsy clinging to her turkey drumstick.


The next day, Manila was declared an “open city.”


“We had no idea when we went to bed that would be the last night we slept in a nice bed for three years,” Heimke said of the following night.


That’s when the Japanese soldiers pounded on the door.


With the families gathered the next day, Dec. 28, a Japanese officer — so short his sword clanged on the floor — climbed atop a table. He wore a pith helmet and told them they were now prisoners of the emperor.


“Oh, he thought he was so important,” Heimke remembered.


The family would spend the first part of their internment at Camp John Hay, which had been abandoned by the Americans. Betsy had never heard her father curse before, but she heard plenty when the captives were crammed 500 or more into barracks built for 40.


“The first night, my mother fed us a can of peaches,” she said.


Men were later segregated from women. Toilets backed up, and the food was bad. Parents told their teenage daughters to look unattractive for fear they would be made to entertain Japanese officers.


Four months later, Heimke and the other captives were moved to Camp Holmes, on the outskirts of Baguio. This was their longest stop. A school was started for children. Billy got a girlfriend.


But in all that time, Heimke remembers only one Red Cross package coming to her family. Coffee, powered milk, cheese and shoe polish.


“Shoe polish!” she exclaimed in the recent interview. “I’d much rather have gotten food than shoe polish. We were hungry.”


Next stop was the infamous Bilibid prison in Manila, which held American forces captured from Corregidor and Bataan. The amenities included feces- and blood-soaked mattresses, cockroaches, rats and only two paltry meals a day.


Two months later, artillery rumbled in the distance.


The Americans were coming, just like her mother told her. True to his word, Gen. Douglas MacArthur, having been forced to withdraw his troops three years earlier, had returned.


“The shelling was so loud at times it shook my toenails,” Heimke said.


During this time — February 1945 — the Japanese acted jittery at roll call. Then the shelling stopped. Soldiers with the 37th Infantry Division arrived, and the Japanese were gone.


Heimke’s family quickly reunited. One of the first meals provided by the Americans was scrambled eggs. Her father asked how they got eggs across the Pacific.


“Powdered,” a soldier told him. “They’re pretty bad.”


They were wonderful, Heimke thought. Later that day, she heard a radio station from San Francisco announce that American forces had liberated Bilibid prison in the Philippines.


“I broke down and cried,” she said. “It was finally over. And we had made it.”


She and her brother went to live with relatives in the United States after the war. Her parents returned to the Philippines to help rebuild.


“Want to see the most handsome man in the world?” Heimke asked in her living room.


The photograph was of her husband, Karl, who had flown bombing missions in Europe during the war.


They met on a blind date and had been married 62 years when Karl died in July.


Today her life revolves around her children, grandchildren and great-grandchildren.


“She’s strong,” said her daughter, Sally Karst, a schoolteacher in Olathe, Kan. “You never know for sure, but I would think some of what happened to her back then made her that way.


“Here we were — she’s cleaning house and taking care of us, and we didn’t know any of that. She told me when I was 12, the same age as she was when all that happened.”


Karst was in the seventh grade. A teacher had assigned her to do a story on someone who remembered World War II. She asked her mother.


“She sat me down and told me,” Karst said. “I think maybe she was waiting for the opportunity. From then on, the war wasn’t just places and dates. This was what happened to my mother and her family.”


Heimke remembers it all in detail. It probably helps that she wrote a book, “Bring Cup, Plate & Spoon,” about those days in captivity.


Maybe because it remains so clear is why she isn’t ready to forgive the Japanese guards, as Zamperini did. But she was different from him. Zamperini, who died this year, was a grown man. He had been an Olympic runner who enlisted in the Army Air Corps when war became imminent.


She was a scared young girl who didn’t ask for any of it, and she saw it all happen to her family.


Toward the end of a recent interview and talking about Zamperini — maybe, just maybe, Heimke showed a crack toward forgiveness.


Nah.


“Besides,” she said, “those guards that were mean to me, they’re probably already dead.”


©2014 The Kansas City (Mo.) Star. Distributed by Tribune Content Agency, LLC.



Fort Carson exploring addition of Gray Eagle armed drone unit


(Tribune Content Agency) — A unit dedicated to operating drones could be stationed at Fort Carson, Colo., by 2017, according to an Army proposal.


Under the plan, 12 Gray Eagle unmanned aerial systems and 128 soldiers would come to Fort Carson as part of a regiment that would belong to the post's combat aviation brigade. The Army is requesting public comment on the proposal, which details the aircraft, how and when they would operate and the necessary changes to accommodate them.


Dani Johnson, a spokeswoman for Fort Carson, said no official announcement of bringing Gray Eagles to the post has been made. The unit would be assigned to Fort Carson in the 2017 fiscal year, according to the proposal.


"We are just looking at the feasibility of them stationed here," Johnson said.


The public has 45 days to comment on the plan. Johnson said she did not know whether a public meeting would be held to discuss it.


Used for surveillance and in combat, the 56-foot-long, 29-foot-wide Gray Eagle drones can carry up to four Hellfire air-to-ground missiles and fly at 29,000 feet. Live missile training would not occur on the post, the report says, with "dummy missiles" used instead.


The drones would fly within Fort Carson's restricted airspace and launch from Butts Army Airfield, which is adjacent to the airspace. Authorization from the Federal Aviation Administration would be required to allow the aircraft to go from the airfield to the restricted airspace, according to a draft environmental assessment prepared by Fort Carson.


Training missions would occur during the day and night.


"The assignment and operation of the Gray Eagle would enhance the Combat Aviation Brigade (CAB) training at Fort Carson by integrating a key reconnaissance and support asset of the modern battle space," the environmental assessment report said.


A roughly 52,000-square-foot hangar, which could hold four of the assembled Gray Eagles, would need to be built to accommodate the aircraft.


In the event a Gray Eagle lost control, the drone would orbit the restricted airspace until communication was regained, it ran out of fuel or "descends to the ground," the assessment said.


Bill Sulzman, a Colorado Springs peace activist, said he was not surprised that a Gray Eagle unit could come to Fort Carson because other Army posts across the country already have them.


Sulzman said he is concerned with the Army's increased use of an "unmanned bomber fleet," similar to the Air Force's Predator drone program, and constraints the proposal could have on the airspace surrounding the post.


"This fits into a general pattern on more demands for airspace on Fort Carson," said Sulzman, who also mentioned a post proposal to use land supervised by the Bureau of Land Management for helicopter training.


"It's the idea that they're doing these things one at a time and not having to address: 'What are you doing to our airspace here?'"


The potential of having a Gray Eagle unit is part of an increased effort by the Army to use unmanned aircraft in combat.



Ken Moore, D-Day medic who treated both sides, dies at 90


(Tribune Content Agency) — In the middle of one of World War II’s bloodiest battles — the 1944 D-Day invasion of western Europe — there was a small sanctuary where no fighting was permitted.


Inside a village church in France, two Army medics — Ken Moore and Bob Wright — cared for dozens of wounded soldiers, using the pews as makeshift beds. Mortar blasts rocked the building, but the medics refused to leave, even when told enemy forces were about to overrun the village.


With scant supplies, they stayed on to administer aid in the packed church, and not just to Americans. They also treated wounded German soldiers who came to the door seeking help.


“They were young men much like us,” Moore said in the documentary “Eagles of Mercy,” “except they were wearing a different uniform.”


Moore, 90, died Dec. 7 in a hospital in Sonoma, Calif. The cause was congestive heart failure, said his son, Francis.


The stone church, located in the village of Angoville-au-Plain, commemorates the medics’ actions with a monument on the edge of an adjoining cemetery.


Moore said in the 2013 public television documentary that he was astonished “Bob and I, just a couple of privates in the service,” received such honors. But Daniel Hamchin, the village mayor, said their role pointed out the dichotomy of that day for soldiers.


“They would kill each other in the cemetery,” Hamchin said, “and they would heal each other in the church.”


Kenneth Jack Moore was born Nov. 5, 1924, in Los Angeles. He was raised by a single mother and graduated from high school in Redding, Calif. Soon after the 1941 bombing of Pearl Harbor, he joined his buddies in enlisting.


“We assumed it would take a few weeks to finish off the Japanese,” he told the Toronto Star this year.


Moore volunteered to be a paratrooper and was chosen to be a medic, although he got only about two weeks of medical training.


He didn’t see any combat until D-Day, June 6, 1944, when he was one of thousands of troops parachuted into France. As a medic, he carried medical supplies but no weapon.


Hitting the ground, he was quickly under fire. “There’s no substitute for hearing a bullet snap past your head, and you realize that someone is trying to kill you,” he said in the film. “You can’t explain or put into words how that feels, but it forever changes you.”


He and Wright, who died last year, commandeered the 12th-century church, designating it as an aid station by hanging a Red Cross banner outside. Wright had more medical training than Moore, but their expertise was limited.


“Our training and our job essentially was to stop the bleeding,” Moore said in the film, “and administer morphine for pain and bandage up the casualties as best we could.”


Wright instituted an order that all rifles had to be left outside the door and the injured began streaming in, by themselves or with the help of others. As the wooden pews started to fill, the medics designated an area near the altar for critically injured soldiers they couldn’t much help.


With Wright taking on the bulk of medical duties, Moore sometimes ventured outside to haul injured soldiers to the church in a cart found nearby. This time, with his Red Cross arm band in full view, he didn’t take fire.


“The Germans were pretty good about not shooting at medics,” he said. “There were several times they could have shot me, and they didn’t.”


At times, the battle raged so close that the building shook violently, blowing out the windows. A mortar shell that came through the roof didn’t explode, but when a chunk of the ceiling came down, it smacked Moore in the head, causing him to bleed.


“That’s when I got my Purple Heart,” he said. “I was embarrassed to take it.”


According to the Geneva Convention treaty, signed by the U.S. in 1882, soldiers wounded in battle were to receive aid by medics regardless of which side they were on. The rule was strictly applied inside the church, with Germans getting aid alongside Americans. “I don’t recall any real animosity being expressed,” Moore said.


U.S. soldiers rushed in at one point to say they couldn’t hold the town and they recommended that at least one of the medics fall back with them. But by then, the church was so packed with wounded that blood was leaking onto the floor as well as the pews.


“Bob and I looked at each other,” Moore said, “and said, ‘We better both stay.’”


Tense moments followed as the enemy took the area, and German soldiers with machine guns came into the church.


But seeing Germans and Americans both being treated, they left without incident.


The next day, with Americans again in charge of the area, the situation eased, and eventually, the aid station was dismantled.


In all, Moore and Wright treated more than 80 soldiers, including about a dozen Germans. They were awarded Silver Star medals for their actions, and both served in other battles, including the Battle of the Bulge.


After the war, Moore returned to California and worked for Chevron as an area representative. He eventually owned several gas stations until the mid-1980s when back problems forced him into retirement.


He occasionally returned to Angoville-au-Plain, where bloodstains can still be seen in the church pews, for ceremonies commemorating his and Wright’s actions on D-Day.


“I think the reason it’s gotten attention now is that we weren’t involved in killing, we weren’t trigger-pullers,” he said in the film. “I tell my grandchildren that my role in the war was sort of as an observer. I wasn’t a rifleman killing people, and I was there in one of the big historical events of our century.”


In addition to his son Francis, who lives in San Francisco, Moore is survived by five grandchildren and two great-grandchildren.


©2014 Los Angeles Times. Distributed by Tribune Content Agency, LLC.



World War I soldiers took a real Christmas break


German tenor Walter Kirchhoff had performed at London's Covent Garden opera house in 1913, but he had never sung for a French audience.


That changed dramatically during the unofficial 1914 Christmas truce on the Western Front during World War I.


Soldiers on both sides had been separately singing Christmas carols and bawdy songs when Mr. Kirchhoff arrived in the trenches.


The musician had accompanied German Crown Prince Wilhelm on a Yuletide visit to the front.


There, his impromptu concert for the "field-grey boys" of the 130th Wuerttemberger Regiment drew plaudits not only from his fellow Germans but from enemy troops huddled 75 yards away.


"French soldiers on parapets opposite had applauded until [Mr. Kirchhoff] gave them an encore," Stanley Weintraub wrote in "Silent Night," his 2001 history of the unlikely halt in hostilities.


This year marks the 100th anniversary of that short lull during four years of increasingly vicious combat.


During a period of several days along a 300-mile front that divided Western Europe, men who had been seeking to kill each other for five bloody months refrained from dealing death. Contemporary reports say they exchanged small gifts, drank together, sang familiar songs and even played spirited soccer matches in the no-man's land between their trenches.


War had broken out in Europe in August 1914 with an apparently unstoppable cascade of troop mobilizations, angry diplomatic notes, cross-border skirmishes and mass invasions. Germany and Austria-Hungary found themselves fighting a two-front war against enemies that included Russia, Italy, France and Great Britain.


Soldiers and politicians had gone into the conflict believing the fighting would be over by Christmas. Instead they found themselves stalemated in cold, muddy trenches on the Western Front dug from the North Sea to the Swiss border.


"By December, the ordinary soldiers knew it would be a long winter and a long war to come," Mr. Weintraub said in a recent interview from his home in Delaware. "There was no great enthusiasm in the lower ranks for the fight to continue."


Mr. Weintraub, the Evan Pugh Professor Emeritus of Arts and Humanities at Penn State University, has written several books abut wartime Christmas celebrations during different periods in history.


British and German troops had received gifts from their governments in the days before Christmas. London sent out brass boxes stamped with an image of the pretty, 17-year-old Princess Mary and filled with tobacco and chocolate. Berlin sent its soldiers wooden boxes containing cigars or sausages.


"That meant that both sides had something to trade," Mr. Weintraub said.


The Germans also had an advantage in direct rail connections to their homeland. In addition to military essentials, trains carried barrels of beer and thousands of 3-foot-tall Christmas trees, already decorated with candles.


The sight of the lighted trees on the edge of the German trenches worried and then intrigued British, Belgian and French soldiers, who were often less than 100 yards away.


"The British crawled out to see," Mr. Weintraub said. "Then the Germans crawled out. When they met, they had something to trade."


Although top brass on both sides opposed any conciliatory gestures, enlisted men and many lower-level officers -- lieutenants, captains and majors -- welcomed the respite. The two sides reached an agreement to meet Christmas Day. The truce held in many places while burial parties retrieved and interred the remains of fallen comrades.


With no women around for many miles, many young men's fancies turned to sports.


Shell holes were filled in and ersatz soccer balls were created from tied-up bundles of cloth. Although some German and British athletes just kicked their makeshift balls around in informal scrimmages, other soldiers picked national teams, played full matches and kept score.


The story of soccer matches in no man's land sounds too good to be true, but Mr. Weintraub said he found plenty of contemporary evidence for the Tommies- vs.-Fritzes games in soldiers' letters and in war diaries kept by military units.


"They write about the games, and they even give the scores," he said. "The Germans won most of them."


Heavy French censorship kept reports about the Christmas truce and fraternization with the enemy out of that country's newspapers. But by the end of December and in early January -- after the fighting had resumed in earnest -- many British newspapers had carried letters to the editor describing the Yuletide events.


Although the United States would remain neutral until April 1917, when it declared war on Germany, many Americans had family ties to Europe and a personal interest in the fighting. The New York Times on Dec. 31 picked up a story from the London Daily News that described the battlefield pause.


"Many of our chaps walked out and met the Germans between the lines," the Times story said. It quoted a letter written by an officer in the Queen's Westminster Rifles. "I went over in the afternoon and was photographed in a group of English and Germans mixed."


Next came the part of the report that must have chilled higher-ups on both sides.


"The Germans opposite were awfully decent fellows -- Saxons, intelligent, respectable looking men," the officer wrote. "I had quite a decent talk with three or four and have two names and addresses in my notebook."


Mr. Weintraub wrote that the truce lasted through Boxing Day, Dec. 26, in many places and in some locations, it held until the new year.


Worried commanders moved to end the era of good feeling. Troops that had met with their enemy counterparts were taken off the front lines and replaced with soldiers who hadn't been involved in the informal cease-fire.


Generals took no chances for "slackness" in the war effort the next year.


At Christmas 1915, British commanders "ordered a slow, continuing artillery barrage through every daylight hour," Mr. Weintraub wrote in "Silent Night."


It wasn't only officers who worried about the effect of seeing the enemy as human might have on the will to fight.


A 25-year-old Austrian-born soldier living in Munich had joined the German army in 1914 as soon as fighting broke out. By December, Adolf Hitler had been promoted to corporal and had won the Iron Cross, Second Class, for rescuing his wounded company commander.


When soldiers in his unit discussed meeting up with the enemy in no man's land, Hitler angrily rejected the idea, Mr. Weintraub wrote. "Have you no German sense of honor left at all?" Hitler asked his fellow soldiers. Baptized a Catholic, he had turned against Christianity.


"He rejected the idea of going out there to mingle," Mr. Weintraub said. "He hated the British and he didn't believe in Christmas."


lbarcousky@post-gazette.com


©2014 Pittsburgh Post-Gazette

Visit the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette at www.post-gazette.com

Distributed by Tribune Content Agency, LLC



In Christmas message, Obama marks end of combat in Afghanistan


KANEOHE BAY, Hawaii — President Barack Obama marked the end of more than a decade of combat in Afghanistan by paying tribute to America's military, telling troops on Christmas Day that their sacrifices have allowed for a more peaceful, prosperous world to emerge out of the ashes of 9/11.


At an oceanfront Marine Corps base in Hawaii, Obama told troops that although tough challenges remain for the U.S. military in hotspots such as Iraq and West Africa, the world as a whole is better off because American troops put country first and served with distinction. He said Americans and their president could not be more thankful.


"Because of the extraordinary service of the men and women in the American armed forces, Afghanistan has a chance to rebuild its own country," Obama said to applause from Marines and their families. "We are safer. It's not going to be a source of terrorist attacks again."


Thirteen years and $1 trillion later, the U.S. is preparing to pull the vast majority of its combat troops out of Afghanistan by year's end, as the U.S. and its partners seek to turn the page on a bloody chapter that started the day that al-Qaida militants struck American soil on Sept. 11, 2011. From a peak of 140,000 troops in 2010, the U.S. and NATO plan to leave about 13,500 behind for training and battlefield support.


Although there are reasons for cautious optimism, including a new Afghan president whose seriousness of effort has inspired U.S. confidence, the broader picture still looks glim.


The U.S. is shifting to a supporting role after the bloodiest year in Afghanistan since the 2001 U.S.-led invasion. Civilian casualties this year are on track to hit 10,000, and some 5,000 Afghan forces were also killed in 2014, a figure that has escalated as the country took on a greater role in its own security. Insurgents have seized territory across the country, raising fears that Islamic militants will successfully exploit the security vacuum formed as the U.S. pulls out.


About 2,200 U.S. troops were killed in Afghanistan during the past 13 years in a war that cost the U.S. $1 trillion, plus another $100 billion for reconstruction. A celebratory cheer of "hooah" rang out from the hundreds of troops in attendance when Obama affirmed that the combat mission was finally ending.


"We still have some very difficult missions around the world — including in Iraq," Obama said. But, he added, "the world is better, it's safer, it's more peaceful, it's more prosperous and our homeland protected because of you."


On the U.S. mainland and across the globe, other prominent leaders were fanning out, echoing the president's message with their own Christmas visits and phone calls to American troops.


Vice President Joe Biden and his wife, Jill, visited Walter Reed National Military Medical Center in Bethesda, Md., to spend time with wounded troops and their families and express gratitude for their service. Defense Secretary Chuck Hagel called military members on deployment, the Pentagon said, including those in Afghanistan and others assigned to U.S. Central Command, which is running the U.S. mission to fight the Islamic State group in Iraq and Syria.


Sen. John McCain, R-Ariz., was spending Christmas in Kabul, Afghanistan, where the former Navy pilot met Thursday with Afghan President Ashraf Ghani and his chief executive officer, Abdullah Abdullah. A chief critic of Obama's foreign policy, McCain is set to lead the Senate Armed Services Committee next year.


Obama's visit to the Marine Corps base — where troops and their families had just finished a Christmas dinner of turkey, lobster and candied yams — came midway through his annual family vacation in Hawaii, where the president was spending the holiday unwinding from a turbulent year in Washington.


After waking up their rented vacation home in Kailua, Obama, his wife and two daughters opened presents and sang carols before pulling up midday in their motorcade to Bellows Air Force Station, a waterfront post with picturesque views of Hawaii's lush green mountains. With a calm breeze rolling in over the ocean, the Obamas spent about two hours with friends on the beach looking out at the piercing aquamarine waters of the Pacific Ocean.



Jordan warns of 'grave consequences' as pilot's father pleads for release



AMMAN, Jordan (Tribune Content Agency) — The Jordanian parliament issued a stern warning Thursday as relatives pleaded with Islamic State militants holding a Jordanian pilot captive.


Jordan’s lower house of parliament threatened “grave consequences” if the extremists harm Lt. Moaz Kasasbeh, 26, whose F-16 crashed Wednesday near the Islamic State stronghold of Raqqah in northeastern Syria.


The statement supported Jordan’s role in the U.S.-led coalition waging an air campaign against Islamic State in Syria and Iraq, and urged the government of King Abdullah II to “do its utmost to ensure a safe return of the pilot.”


Prime Minister Abdullah Ensour announced at a news conference in the pilot’s hometown south of the capital that international negotiations had begun to save Kasasbeh’s life, but he did not elaborate.


The king met Wednesday with the pilot’s family. His wife, Queen Rania, posted a message of support on Instagram: a Jordanian flag shaped like a fighter jet with the hashtag “We are all Moaz.”


Kasasbeh, one of eight children, has been a pilot for six years, and was married in July. On Thursday, his father pleaded for his release, appealing to his captors as fellow Muslims.


“I direct a message to our generous brothers of the Islamic State in Syria: to host my son, the pilot Moaz, with generous hospitality,” Safi Kasasbeh said. “I ask God that their hearts are gathered together with love, and that he is returned to his family, wife and mother. We are all Muslims.”


The Sunni militants claimed to have shot down the plane with an antiaircraft missile and posted photographs of Kasasbeh being led away, partially clothed and bleeding. They did not release new information Thursday.


The U.S. military said evidence “clearly indicates” that the militants did not shoot down the F-16.


“We can say with certainty that it was an aircraft crash and the plane was not downed by ISIL as was claimed by the terrorist organization,” said Carl Hudson, a spokesman for U.S. Central Command, using an acronym for the group.


A Jordanian military official also told Petra state news agency Thursday that although the exact cause of the crash was still unknown, the plane was not downed by Islamic State fire.


But the pilot’s relatives said that the Jordanian government told them the plane was downed by a missile.


Younes Kasasbeh said the family was told by the Jordanian government that his nephew was flying at 400 feet on a bombing mission when his plane was struck by a heat-seeking missile and crashed in the Euphrates River.


Three other pilots wanted to rescue him but were afraid he might be killed because he had already fallen into enemy hands, and so they were ordered to return home, the uncle said.


Bulos is a special correspondent. Hennessy-Fiske reported from Baghdad.


©2014 Los Angeles Times. Distributed by Tribune Content Agency, LLC.



Russian official calls for investigation of Hiroshima, Nagasaki A-bombings


MOSCOW (Tribune Content Agency) — A leading Russian elected official on Thursday called for an investigation of the United States’ atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki during World War II as a “crime against humanity.”


The effort to reconsider history by Sergei Naryshkin, the parliament’s lower house speaker, comes after similar calls by colleagues earlier in the week to revisit significant events involving Russia in the the 20th century.


On Wednesday, lawmaker Frants Klintsevich of the ruling United Russia faction called on his colleagues to reconsider or even annul a 1989 statement of the then-Soviet Union’s Congress of People’s Deputies denouncing its military invasion in Afghanistan, which lasted 10 years and led to the deaths of about 15,000 Soviet servicemen and hundreds of thousands of Afghans.


Earlier in the week, upper house speaker Valentina Matviyenko sought to void the 1954 handover of Crimea from the Russian Federation to the then-Soviet republic of Ukraine. That action was in effect annulled in March when Russian President Vladimir Putin announced the annexation of Crimea after a referendum whose fairness was questioned by many analysts.


Relations between Putin and the West are growing increasingly frosty as the former Cold War rivals escalate their rhetoric and actions over the fate of Russian neighbor Ukraine. Critics warn that efforts by the Kremlin to rewrite history were a hallmark of the Soviet communist era of totalitarian rule.


Soviet leader Josef Stalin was very good at rewriting contemporary history, but even he never abolished any of the decrees issued by Emperor Nicolas II,” said Gleb Pavlovsky, president of the Efficient Policy Foundation, a Moscow think tank and a former Kremlin adviser.


The 1945 atomic bombings of the two Japanese cities days before the end of World War II were similar to Nazi crimes, Naryshkin argued at a conference in Moscow on Thursday.


“I think that we should discuss this topic together with lawyers and international law experts because crimes against humanity have no limitation period,” Naryshkin said, according to the Itar-Tass news service.


“As we well know, the bombings of the two peaceful Japanese cities could not be explained from a military point of view,” Naryshkin said. “The atomic bombings ... were solely an intimidation demonstration resulting in the deaths of hundreds of thousands of peaceful residents.”


A day earlier, Klintsevich contended that the Congress’ decision in 1989 to denounce the Soviet military intervention in Afghanistan had “nothing to do with historical truth.”


The vote, promoted by a democratic faction that included the future Russian President Boris Yeltsin, determined that a 1979 decision by Leonid Brezhnev’s Communist Party Politburo to send troops to neighboring Afghanistan was a political mistake that “deserved moral and political condemnation.”


Klintsevich argued that the 1989 vote was itself politically motivated.


“We had managed to slow down the spreading of the terrorist plague clad in Islamic clothes across the world,” Klintsevich told reporters in parliament. “It can be said that we took the initial blow upon ourselves, and the war in Afghanistan gave the world community a certain break which unfortunately was not taken advantage of for a number of reasons.”


On Tuesday, Matviyenko declared that it had been illegitimate for then-Soviet Communist Party leader Nikita Khrushchev to hand over Crimea to Ukraine.


Russia annexed Crimea in March after the referendum that took place after thousands of Russian troops in unmarked uniforms took over strategic sites across the peninsula. In a March 18 speech, Putin praised the “historic reunification” and in his Dec. 4 state of the union address said Crimea will remain Russian forever.


On Thursday, Putin announced the cancellation of a long-standing Russian tradition, a prolonged New Year’s holiday, for an undisclosed number of officials. “People have a right to take a rest but we can’t allow such long vacations for the government,” he said.


Political analyst Andrei Piontkovsky denounced this week’s looks at history as “delirious ravings aimed to distract the people’s attention from their daily economic woes connected with the falling ruble and Western sanctions.”


“The Soviet invasion in Afghanistan was exactly the factor which caused the initial spreading of Islamic fundamentalist extremism across the world,” said Piontkovsky, a senior researcher at the Academy of Sciences’ System Analysis Institute. “In their zeal to condemn the United States and the West in general for anything they can and the way they are going now, the next call would be to denounce the 1945 Dresden bombing as a crime against humanity.”


Pavlovsky said the statements are examples of people “intoxicated by their own propaganda which has nothing or little in common with the real picture of the world or its history.”


©2014 Los Angeles Times. Distributed by Tribune Content Agency, LLC.



As troop numbers fall in Afghanistan, another Christmas at war


35 minutes ago




KABUL, Afghanistan – Spc. Ryan Asta was just 11 years old when American troops spent their first Christmas in Afghanistan.


Thirteen years later, it was Asta’s turn to ring in the holiday at the Kabul headquarters of the U.S.-led International Security Assistance Force.


“Seems like a normal day – better food, though,” the 24-year-old military policeman said while enjoying the Christmas meal in a dining hall decked out with green and red tinsel, Christmas trees and a couple of Frosty The Snowmans.


On Thursday, Christmas tunes complemented ham, prime rib, mashed potatoes with gravy and the ever-present near beer, a staple of U.S. dining halls throughout the long, alcohol-free war. Even Santa made an appearance, albeit sporting a sidearm.


For Army Sgt. Alex Newman, the highlight of the day was to come later that night when he planned to get on Skype with his family, including his three children. The Oregon National Guard soldier, spending his first Christmas at war, said that joking with his fellow soldiers took the sting away from missing home.


“It’s not the most fun, but we’ve got a good platoon, so it’s all right,” he said.


druzin.heath@stripes.com

Twitter: @Druzin_Stripes




Wednesday, December 24, 2014

NORAD 'tracking' Santa Claus across the globe


COLORADO SPRINGS, Colo. — Volunteers at the North American Aerospace Defense Command are pretending to monitor Santa Claus as he makes his storybook Christmas Eve flight. So far, NORAD says it used the heat signature from Rudolph's nose to "track" St. Nick over spots ranging from Australia to South America and on to the United States.


Technology and social media have become an important part of the U.S. and Canadian military tradition, and NORAD Tracks Santa has already attracted around 1.6 million Facebook "likes."


The volunteers on Wednesday were answering phone calls and emails from children and posting updates on the mythical journey to Facebook, Twitter and www.NORADSanta.org.


The 59-year-old program now has a control center at Peterson Air Force Base in Colorado Springs, and it generates enough statistics, anecdotes and stories to fill a sleigh:


HOW IT WORKS: Kids can call 877-HI-NORAD or email noradtrackssanta@outlook.com on Christmas Eve. A volunteer checks a big-screen computer monitor and passes along Santa's location. Updates are posted at noradsanta.org, http://ift.tt/1x94moF and http://ift.tt/Rf5kxg. The volunteers will keep answering questions through 3 a.m. MST on Christmas Day.


LATEST MOVEMENTS: NORAD says it has most recently spotted Santa over Akron, Ohio, and that he's delivered more than 5 billion gifts so far.


SO FAR THIS YEAR: NORAD Tracks Santa had around 1.6 million Facebook likes as of Wednesday night. Twitter followers stood around 158,000. Initial website visits weren't available yet.


AND LAST YEAR: The website attracted more than 19.5 million unique visitors in December, the Facebook page drew 1.45 million "likes" and the Twitter feed had 146,000 followers. Volunteers took 117,000 phone calls and answered 9,600 emails. Another 800 inquiries came in via OnStar. The Facebook likes, Twitter followers, phone calls and OnStar questions were all record highs for NORAD Tracks Santa.


GROWING FAST: Visits to the website, which was launched in 1997, peaked at 22.3 million in 2012 before dropping to about 19.6 million last year. The reason isn't clear, but Maj. Beth Castro, a NORAD spokeswoman, said the website might not have been able to accommodate all the traffic.


PHONE CALLS: Phone calls rose from about 74,000 in 2009 to more than 117,000 in 2013.


SOCIAL MEDIA: Facebook "likes" grew from 1 million in 2011 to 1.45 million last year; Twitter followers were up from 101,000 to more than 146,000.


NEW THIS YEAR: The website has an animated elf named Radar. "Radar" was the favorite in a vote on Facebook, beating out "DARON," which is NORAD spelled backward, and "Echo L. Foxtrot," which uses the military phonetic alphabet to spell out "elf." NORAD Tracks Santa also has a new mobile version of its website for smartphones.


WHAT'S NORAD? The joint U.S.-Canada command is responsible for defending the skies and monitoring the sea approaches for both nations. Its control room was originally inside Cheyenne Mountain in Colorado Springs in a shelter designed to withstand a nuclear attack. The control room is now at Peterson Air Force Base, also in Colorado Springs.


NORAD Tracks Santa: 877-HI-NORAD, noradtrackssanta@outlook.com, http://ift.tt/rDvyA9



With his car-repair charity, veteran fights to dispel mental-health stigmas


(Tribune Content Agency) — When Larry Mendivil was 17, he wanted to join the military and had dreams of one day becoming a general.


In 2003, at 21, Mendivil was serving as an Air Force aircraft mechanic in Kurdistan when he had to be medically evacuated to a hospital in Germany because he was having non-stop panic attacks.


"They were concerned that I was already having severe effects of (post-traumatic stress disorder)," Mendivil said.


From that time on, through five more deployments and a refueling accident in Qatar that badly damaged his knee and lower back, things were never the same for Mendivil.


His PTSD and other mental health issues developed from experiencing what he would only describe as "terrible things."


"I can't ever relax," he said. "The last time I ever felt like I could relax was before I was medically evacuated."


Mendivil, who is president of Miracles For Vets Customs Inc. — a charity that repairs donated vehicles to give to veterans — is one of a concerningly high number of veterans in the community balancing war-related mental health issues with his everyday life.


Although statistics are shocking — 22 veterans commit suicide every day, according to the U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs — experts say increased awareness among the military community and better treatment options are helping ease the stigma of mental illness for veterans such as Mendivil.


In addition to chronic physical pain, Mendivil said he has trouble socializing like he used to. He sometimes can't talk about anything but the war, has trouble focusing on one task at a time and struggles with anger issues.


"Sometimes I don't want to talk about it all," Mendivil said of the war. "Sometimes I feel like I tell it too much."


Statistics regarding veterans and mental health issues, including suicide, are both abundant and alarming.


"Veteran suicide is huge in our country right now," said Ellen McKinnon, an outreach specialist with Support Services for Veteran Families.


According to an article published by Mother Jones magazine that compared statistics from the VA and the Center for New American Security, veterans account for 20 percent of suicides in the U.S., although they make up 7 percent of the population.


And this epidemic isn't limited to veterans. According to an October 2014 Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center study, suicide was the leading cause of death of U.S. active military personnel in 2012 and 2013 — higher than combat fatalities.


In addition to suicide, PTSD, depression, anxiety and other mental illnesses are also of major concern for veterans.


In fact, since October 2001, more veterans have been diagnosed with PTSD than have been wounded in combat, according to the Mother Jones article.


Mental illness can also lead to other issues, including homelessness and substance abuse.


"About 80 percent of veterans who are experiencing more than one episode of homelessness have either mental health or substance abuse issues," said Diana Hall, supervisor of the Veterans Housing and Unemployment Programs at the Fargo VA.


Mendivil said he has seen this happen to veterans he knows in the community who have tried to cope with mental illness on their own.


"I've seen vets turn into alcoholics or do street drugs, and it's horrible," he said.


Many of these veterans, Mendivil said, are turning to destructive options because they aren't sure what else to do. Many have had troubles working with the VA, and others have had a hard time asking for help in the first place.


Asking for help


Dressed in black work bib overalls, a camouflage long-sleeved shirt and a "support our troops" bracelet, Mendivil is a big man whose strength is apparent.


But if it weren't for a $1,500 knee brace and muscle relaxers, Mendivil said he wouldn't be able to walk.


Nevertheless, he stands up to shake peoples' hands when he meets them and continues working on cars when he can for Miracles for Vets.


Mendivil, like many in the veteran community, is reluctant to ask for assistance.


"We vets don't like to beg for help," Mendivil said. "We like to tough it out. But if we're begging for help, we need it."


McKinnon, whose work with Support Services for Veteran Families involves serving homeless veterans who have chosen to live in the woods or away from society, said a reluctance to ask for help is common among many veterans, especially those from the Vietnam War era.


Chris Werkley, a clinical social worker with Altru Health System who served in the Air Force from 1970 to 1990, said PTSD wasn't officially diagnosed until 1980.


Prior to that, understanding of PTSD was limited, said McKinnon.


"There was no outlet (for relief)," she said. "Guys were told to suck it up, to be a man."


Mendivil said he is often concerned with the stigma that PTSD and other mental health issues might have on Miracles for Vets. That is why he always tries to deflect media attention regarding his charity toward his other workers so they don't associate it only with him.


"I don't want people to think about Larry with his problems. I want them to think about the idea of vets getting help unexpectedly," he said.


However, thanks to updates in treatment, increased media attention to mental health issues among veterans and U.S. military personnel and more careful attention to mental health in the military, the tough-guy stigma is disappearing.


"I think that's a positive thing," Werkley said of the national attention. "I'd really encourage (veterans) to contact the VA or mental health providers."


In addition to encouraging veterans to get help, educating the community about how PTSD manifests itself — not just through flashbacks, but also through irritability, hypervigilance, depression and other subtle symptoms — is critical to helping families identify symptoms that veterans might not see themselves.


"We can make a big difference," McKinnon said. "I think education is absolutely the key."


Mendivil began to notice his issues because he was having trouble holding a job, which led him to seek help.


"I started to lose jobs between my PTSD and my anger issues and not being able to focus on tasks," Mendivil said.


He then began seeking treatment at the VA clinic in Fargo, N.D., and also traveled to California to attend the Pathway Home, a six-month residential program for veterans suffering from severe PTSD and other issues.


Mental health help


For those unable or unwilling to go as far as California, the Fargo VA has been increasing its mental services over the last decade.


"It's definitely been a high focus and the VA has had multiple hiring initiatives and an enforced increase in our mental health capacity in hiring providers and nurses all different kinds of roles," said Keith Zander, administrative officer with the Fargo VA Mental Health Service. "We've really bumped that up pretty consistently over probably the last 10 years."


Through the VA, resources are available for a wide range of mental health needs. At the VA clinic in Fargo, veterans can receive everything from short-term inpatient care for severe or life-threatening mental illness or regular outpatient care for more moderate illness.


For veterans with serious mental illness who have problems functioning in day-to-day life, outpatient care is available in a psychosocial rehabilitation and recovery center.


In a similar vein, Residential Rehabilitation Treatment Programs are available for veterans. The programs provide mental health services as well as education and job training needs in a structured environment.


Diana Hall said there is a Veterans Justice Outreach Program, which helps veterans struggling with mental illness to avoid potential incarceration in order to receive treatment.


"We reach out to the justice system and the courts system," she said. "We look for veterans that might have undiagnosed mental health issues and we seek to provide them with the treatment they need instead of incarceration."


Mendivil moving forward


Through everything, Mendivil has persevered by investing his time and energy into Miracles for Vets.


Mendivil wants to donate a car to a veteran living at the Northlands Rescue Mission. He is also gathering a group of veterans to write letters to Sens. Heidi Heitkamp, D-N.D., and John Hoeven, R-N.D., advocating for better service for veterans from the VA.


"It's been a rough road, man," Mendivil said near the end of an interview. He stopped to rub tears from his eyes. "I don't know how I haven't given up."


Despite his toughest days, Mendivil is thankful for Miracles for Vets.


"Motorsports and helping the vets are the only things I can do that help me," he said.


©2014 the Grand Forks (N.D.) Herald. Distributed by Tribune Content Agency, LLC.



CDC mishandles Ebola sample; lab technician at risk


WASHINGTON (Tribune Content Agency) — Scientists at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta mishandled an Ebola sample Monday and a laboratory technician is being monitored for possible exposure to the deadly virus, the agency reported Wednesday.


The agency said that “a small amount of material from an Ebola virus experiment,” possibly containing live virus, was securely but mistakenly transferred from a top-level bio-safety lab, reserved for research on the most lethal agents, to a lower-level lab, where research on moderate pathogens is conducted.


The CDC said the sample was on a sealed plate but that it nonetheless “cannot rule out possible exposure” by the lab technician, whose health will be monitored for disease symptoms for 21 days, the known incubation period of the virus that is sweeping West Africa.


Up to a dozen other scientists who entered the lower-level lab before the mistake was discovered on Tuesday are not considered to be at risk, said Barbara Reynolds, the agency’s chief spokeswoman.


“There was no possible exposure outside the secure laboratory at CDC and no exposure or risk to the public,” the agency’s statement said.


It said that the lab already had been decontaminated and the Ebola sample destroyed as a routine procedure before the error was realized. The discovery prompted a second decontamination of the lower-level lab, which was then closed, with all transfers from the higher-security lab halted.


In the top-level, or Biosafety-Level 4, laboratory, researchers must wear protective suits or work with pathogens that are in a sealed cabinet, according to CDC literature. In the lower-level lab, however, procedures only require researchers to wash their hands when finished working.


Although the Ebola virus is generally not transmitted via the air, as are flu viruses, it is highly virulent through exchanges of body fluids. It wasn’t immediately made clear how the lab technician might be at risk.


The incident was reported to the agency’s leadership within an hour of its discovery and has been reported to Health and Human Services Secretary Sylvia Burwell, the CDC said.


The news, on Christmas Eve, revealed only the latest in a recent series of blunders that have put at risk scientists working with some of the world’s most dangerous pathogens at ultra-secure civilian and military laboratories.


Agency Director Tom Frieden said he has ordered an inquiry into the incident.


“I am troubled by this incident in our Ebola research laboratory in Atlanta,” Frieden said in a statement. “ … I have directed that there be a full review of every aspect of the incident and that CDC take all necessary measures.


“Thousands of laboratory scientists in more than 150 labs throughout CDC have taken extraordinary steps in recent months to improve safety. No risk to staff is acceptable, and our efforts to improve lab safety are essential. The safety of our employees is our highest priority.”


©2014 McClatchy Washington Bureau. Distributed by Tribune Content Agency, LLC.



Appeals court revives Coast Guard suit against shipyard over ships' hulls


NEW ORLEANS — A federal appeals court has revived a federal lawsuit accusing Bollinger Shipyards of lying about the strength of eight patrol boats it lengthened for the Coast Guard.


The 5th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals ruled Tuesday that a district judge was wrong to dismiss the suit against the Lockport shipyard, a subcontractor on a project to lengthen eight patrol boats from 110 to 123 feet.


Lawyers for Bollinger did not immediately respond to a request for comment Wednesday from The Associated Press.


The government wants Bollinger to repay $78 million, NOLA.com reported.


Four of the boats were delivered in 2004. The hull of the first, the Matagorda, began to buckle at sea in September 2004. The Coast Guard accepted the other four after modifications to boost their hull strength, but it wasn't enough, according to the ruling. The Coast Guard revoked its acceptance of all eight in 2007; the Justice Department sued in 2011.


U.S. District Judge Sarah Vance dismissed the suit last year, saying the suit "does not allege facts indicating that Bollinger's initial representation of the hull strength was knowingly false or made in deliberate ignorance or disregard for the truth."


A three-judge panel said the allegations are enough to warrant trial.


The Coast Guard asked whether the extended vessels would be strong enough, the judges said. The government alleges that Bollinger said they would exceed industry standards, even though shipyard officials knew this was untrue.


"Based on the facts set out in the complaint, one may reasonably infer that Bollinger acted 'in reckless disregard of the truth or falsity' of the measurements," Judge W. Eugene Davis wrote for the panel.


He noted that an American Bureau of Shipping official offered a confidential assessment of the company's analysis, but President and CEO Boysie Bollinger declined after Vice President T.R. Hamblin recommended he do so, "reflecting concern that the review would find that the design required additional structural support."


"Relatedly, Bollinger falsely certified that the boats had been reviewed for unrestricted service by a representative of an independent agency, when Bollinger had not had any independent agency review them," Davis wrote.


Bollinger Shipyards has received Coast Guard contracts since suit was filed in 2011. Bollinger has said this shows the Coast Guard still has confidence in the company.



Japan PM Abe brings in former soldier as defense minister


TOKYO — Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe appointed a former soldier and security veteran as his new defense minister, as he prepares to push through legislation to toughen the country's military stance amid a dispute with China.


Gen Nakatani, 57, was appointed to the post Wednesday, Chief Cabinet Secretary Yoshihide Suga told reporters in Tokyo. All other Cabinet members will remain in their current posts, Suga said.


He served as head of the defense agency in 2001-02 before it was upgraded to a ministry in 2007. He was the first former military official to reach that position, having served for about five years in the Ground Self-Defense Force before entering politics.


"He is a former member of the self-defense forces, so he understands security from the ground level and he has been closely involved in policy issues," said Tetsuo Kotani, senior research fellow at the Japan Institute of International Affairs in Tokyo. "I wouldn't categorize him either as a hawk or a dove. I would say he's a realist."


The replacement of Akinori Eto, who was criticized in parliament in October over alleged financial impropriety, comes as Abe seeks to pass a series of bills to back up his reinterpretation of the pacifist constitution. Polls show the change, which allows Japan to defend other countries, is unpopular with the public.


"This is to ensure the security of the Japanese people," Nakatani wrote on his website on the legislation. "The understanding and support of the people is needed above all."


Since taking office in December 2012, Abe has bolstered the country's defenses as Japanese and Chinese coastguard ships tail one another around East China Sea islands claimed by both countries. Abe reversed an 11-year decline in defense spending and passed a bill toughening penalties for leaking state secrets.


A planned revision of guidelines for defense cooperation with the United States, Japan's only formal ally, has been put off to the first half of next year, to ensure coherence with the legislative process.


"For America, he is an old friend," Kotani said. "As a lawmaker he's been involved in a lot of foreign issues, so his face is known and for China and South Korea he's not a complete unknown. So that may be reassuring for them."



Guard soldier among 1st group of women to head to Ranger school


SALT LAKE CITY — A Utah National Guard solider will be among a handful of women going to the grueling U.S. Army Ranger school as part of the first steps toward integrating the elite combat unit.


First Lt. Alessandra Kirby of South Salt Lake is among 31 women from around the country who will report in January to Ranger school, which is designed to push soldiers to the edge to find those suited for the most high-risk combat jobs.


The women are observers and advisers, not yet eligible to become Rangers. Instead, their experiences will help inform Army leaders about whether and how to bring in women.


"Right up front, they didn't fool anyone," Kirby said. "They said, 'If you're looking to become the very first female Ranger this might not be for you. Right now, we need females that are willing to provide service.'"


For the 37-year-old, entering the program was about becoming a better soldier, something the native of Brazil said she's been passionate about since she was a child. She enlisted in 2008, shortly after becoming a U.S. citizen.


"I don't look at this as a pioneer, I look at it as a great opportunity," she said. "Ranger school is finally opening the doors to women. I want to be there. I don't have time to waste."


Lt. Col. Steven Fairbourn, a spokesman for the Utah National Guard, said the women headed to the school at Fort Benning in Georgia are taking a risk.


"They're very much acting on faith, and hoping the decision will be made in their favor," he said. Kirby has already passed a brutal weeklong evaluation to earn her spot in the program, including completing 49 pushups in two minutes, a 5-mile run in less than 40 minutes, a combat water survival test and assessments of her navigation skills by day and night.


The military is working under a deadline of January 2016 to open all combat jobs to women or explain why any must remain closed. The Pentagon lifted its ban on women in combat two years ago but gave the services time to integrate.


Women could potentially play a key role in high-risk operations that the Rangers specialize in, Fairbourn said. Soldiers going undercover behind enemy lines, for example, could be less suspicious if they were posing as a couple.


And women's physical differences from men can be an advantage. They can typically survive on fewer calories, and a limited diet is part of Ranger training and often a reality in the field. On the other hand, women require more iron than men. That nutrient could be added to food if the Army officially integrates Ranger school, Farbourn said.


For now, Kirby said she's been working out three to four hours a day, trying to mentally and physically prepare herself for the 9-month training.


"Our society, our way of life doesn't separate the women and the men," she said. "We have to be able to give anyone in our society the opportunity to become the best they can be."